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// Copyright 2016 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#include "http2/hpack/huffman/hpack_huffman_decoder.h"
#include <bitset>
#include <limits>
#include "http2/platform/api/http2_logging.h"
// Terminology:
//
// Symbol - a plain text (unencoded) character (uint8), or the End-of-String
// (EOS) symbol, 256.
//
// Code - the sequence of bits used to encode a symbol, varying in length from
// 5 bits for the most common symbols (e.g. '0', '1', and 'a'), to
// 30 bits for the least common (e.g. the EOS symbol).
// For those symbols whose codes have the same length, their code values
// are sorted such that the lower symbol value has a lower code value.
//
// Canonical - a symbol's cardinal value when sorted first by code length, and
// then by symbol value. For example, canonical 0 is for ASCII '0'
// (uint8 value 0x30), which is the first of the symbols whose code
// is 5 bits long, and the last canonical is EOS, which is the last
// of the symbols whose code is 30 bits long.
namespace http2 {
namespace {
// HuffmanCode is used to store the codes associated with symbols (a pattern of
// from 5 to 30 bits).
typedef uint32_t HuffmanCode;
// HuffmanCodeBitCount is used to store a count of bits in a code.
typedef uint16_t HuffmanCodeBitCount;
// HuffmanCodeBitSet is used for producing a string version of a code because
// std::bitset logs nicely.
typedef std::bitset<32> HuffmanCodeBitSet;
typedef std::bitset<64> HuffmanAccumulatorBitSet;
static constexpr HuffmanCodeBitCount kMinCodeBitCount = 5;
static constexpr HuffmanCodeBitCount kMaxCodeBitCount = 30;
static constexpr HuffmanCodeBitCount kHuffmanCodeBitCount =
std::numeric_limits<HuffmanCode>::digits;
static_assert(std::numeric_limits<HuffmanCode>::digits >= kMaxCodeBitCount,
"HuffmanCode isn't big enough.");
static_assert(std::numeric_limits<HuffmanAccumulator>::digits >=
kMaxCodeBitCount,
"HuffmanAccumulator isn't big enough.");
static constexpr HuffmanAccumulatorBitCount kHuffmanAccumulatorBitCount =
std::numeric_limits<HuffmanAccumulator>::digits;
static constexpr HuffmanAccumulatorBitCount kExtraAccumulatorBitCount =
kHuffmanAccumulatorBitCount - kHuffmanCodeBitCount;
// PrefixInfo holds info about a group of codes that are all of the same length.
struct PrefixInfo {
// Given the leading bits (32 in this case) of the encoded string, and that
// they start with a code of length |code_length|, return the corresponding
// canonical for that leading code.
uint32_t DecodeToCanonical(HuffmanCode bits) const {
// What is the position of the canonical symbol being decoded within
// the canonical symbols of |length|?
HuffmanCode ordinal_in_length =
((bits - first_code) >> (kHuffmanCodeBitCount - code_length));
// Combined with |canonical| to produce the position of the canonical symbol
// being decoded within all of the canonical symbols.
return first_canonical + ordinal_in_length;
}
const HuffmanCode first_code; // First code of this length, left justified in
// the field (i.e. the first bit of the code is
// the high-order bit).
const uint16_t code_length; // Length of the prefix code |base|.
const uint16_t first_canonical; // First canonical symbol of this length.
};
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const PrefixInfo& v) {
return out << "{first_code: " << HuffmanCodeBitSet(v.first_code)
<< ", code_length: " << v.code_length
<< ", first_canonical: " << v.first_canonical << "}";
}
// Given |value|, a sequence of the leading bits remaining to be decoded,
// figure out which group of canonicals (by code length) that value starts
// with. This function was generated.
PrefixInfo PrefixToInfo(HuffmanCode value) {
if (value < 0b10111000000000000000000000000000) {
if (value < 0b01010000000000000000000000000000) {
return {0b00000000000000000000000000000000, 5, 0};
} else {
return {0b01010000000000000000000000000000, 6, 10};
}
} else {
if (value < 0b11111110000000000000000000000000) {
if (value < 0b11111000000000000000000000000000) {
return {0b10111000000000000000000000000000, 7, 36};
} else {
return {0b11111000000000000000000000000000, 8, 68};
}
} else {
if (value < 0b11111111110000000000000000000000) {
if (value < 0b11111111101000000000000000000000) {
if (value < 0b11111111010000000000000000000000) {
return {0b11111110000000000000000000000000, 10, 74};
} else {
return {0b11111111010000000000000000000000, 11, 79};
}
} else {
return {0b11111111101000000000000000000000, 12, 82};
}
} else {
if (value < 0b11111111111111100000000000000000) {
if (value < 0b11111111111110000000000000000000) {
if (value < 0b11111111111100000000000000000000) {
return {0b11111111110000000000000000000000, 13, 84};
} else {
return {0b11111111111100000000000000000000, 14, 90};
}
} else {
return {0b11111111111110000000000000000000, 15, 92};
}
} else {
if (value < 0b11111111111111110100100000000000) {
if (value < 0b11111111111111101110000000000000) {
if (value < 0b11111111111111100110000000000000) {
return {0b11111111111111100000000000000000, 19, 95};
} else {
return {0b11111111111111100110000000000000, 20, 98};
}
} else {
return {0b11111111111111101110000000000000, 21, 106};
}
} else {
if (value < 0b11111111111111111110101000000000) {
if (value < 0b11111111111111111011000000000000) {
return {0b11111111111111110100100000000000, 22, 119};
} else {
return {0b11111111111111111011000000000000, 23, 145};
}
} else {
if (value < 0b11111111111111111111101111000000) {
if (value < 0b11111111111111111111100000000000) {
if (value < 0b11111111111111111111011000000000) {
return {0b11111111111111111110101000000000, 24, 174};
} else {
return {0b11111111111111111111011000000000, 25, 186};
}
} else {
return {0b11111111111111111111100000000000, 26, 190};
}
} else {
if (value < 0b11111111111111111111111111110000) {
if (value < 0b11111111111111111111111000100000) {
return {0b11111111111111111111101111000000, 27, 205};
} else {
return {0b11111111111111111111111000100000, 28, 224};
}
} else {
return {0b11111111111111111111111111110000, 30, 253};
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
// Mapping from canonical symbol (0 to 255) to actual symbol.
// clang-format off
constexpr unsigned char kCanonicalToSymbol[] = {
'0', '1', '2', 'a', 'c', 'e', 'i', 'o',
's', 't', 0x20, '%', '-', '.', '/', '3',
'4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '=', 'A',
'_', 'b', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'l', 'm',
'n', 'p', 'r', 'u', ':', 'B', 'C', 'D',
'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L',
'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T',
'U', 'V', 'W', 'Y', 'j', 'k', 'q', 'v',
'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '&', '*', ',', ';',
'X', 'Z', '!', '\"', '(', ')', '?', '\'',
'+', '|', '#', '>', 0x00, '$', '@', '[',
']', '~', '^', '}', '<', '`', '{', '\\',
0xc3, 0xd0, 0x80, 0x82, 0x83, 0xa2, 0xb8, 0xc2,
0xe0, 0xe2, 0x99, 0xa1, 0xa7, 0xac, 0xb0, 0xb1,
0xb3, 0xd1, 0xd8, 0xd9, 0xe3, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0x81,
0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x88, 0x92, 0x9a, 0x9c, 0xa0,
0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xad, 0xb2, 0xb5, 0xb9,
0xba, 0xbb, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xc4, 0xc6, 0xe4, 0xe8,
0xe9, 0x01, 0x87, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d,
0x8f, 0x93, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, 0x98, 0x9b, 0x9d,
0x9e, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa8, 0xae, 0xaf, 0xb4, 0xb6,
0xb7, 0xbc, 0xbf, 0xc5, 0xe7, 0xef, 0x09, 0x8e,
0x90, 0x91, 0x94, 0x9f, 0xab, 0xce, 0xd7, 0xe1,
0xec, 0xed, 0xc7, 0xcf, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xc0, 0xc1,
0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcd, 0xd2, 0xd5, 0xda, 0xdb,
0xee, 0xf0, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xff, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xd3,
0xd4, 0xd6, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf, 0xf1, 0xf4, 0xf5,
0xf6, 0xf7, 0xf8, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe,
0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x0b,
0x0c, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14,
0x15, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d,
0x1e, 0x1f, 0x7f, 0xdc, 0xf9, 0x0a, 0x0d, 0x16,
};
// clang-format on
constexpr size_t kShortCodeTableSize = 124;
struct ShortCodeInfo {
uint8_t symbol;
uint8_t length;
} kShortCodeTable[kShortCodeTableSize] = {
{0x30, 5}, // Match: 0b0000000, Symbol: 0
{0x30, 5}, // Match: 0b0000001, Symbol: 0
{0x30, 5}, // Match: 0b0000010, Symbol: 0
{0x30, 5}, // Match: 0b0000011, Symbol: 0
{0x31, 5}, // Match: 0b0000100, Symbol: 1
{0x31, 5}, // Match: 0b0000101, Symbol: 1
{0x31, 5}, // Match: 0b0000110, Symbol: 1
{0x31, 5}, // Match: 0b0000111, Symbol: 1
{0x32, 5}, // Match: 0b0001000, Symbol: 2
{0x32, 5}, // Match: 0b0001001, Symbol: 2
{0x32, 5}, // Match: 0b0001010, Symbol: 2
{0x32, 5}, // Match: 0b0001011, Symbol: 2
{0x61, 5}, // Match: 0b0001100, Symbol: a
{0x61, 5}, // Match: 0b0001101, Symbol: a
{0x61, 5}, // Match: 0b0001110, Symbol: a
{0x61, 5}, // Match: 0b0001111, Symbol: a
{0x63, 5}, // Match: 0b0010000, Symbol: c
{0x63, 5}, // Match: 0b0010001, Symbol: c
{0x63, 5}, // Match: 0b0010010, Symbol: c
{0x63, 5}, // Match: 0b0010011, Symbol: c
{0x65, 5}, // Match: 0b0010100, Symbol: e
{0x65, 5}, // Match: 0b0010101, Symbol: e
{0x65, 5}, // Match: 0b0010110, Symbol: e
{0x65, 5}, // Match: 0b0010111, Symbol: e
{0x69, 5}, // Match: 0b0011000, Symbol: i
{0x69, 5}, // Match: 0b0011001, Symbol: i
{0x69, 5}, // Match: 0b0011010, Symbol: i
{0x69, 5}, // Match: 0b0011011, Symbol: i
{0x6f, 5}, // Match: 0b0011100, Symbol: o
{0x6f, 5}, // Match: 0b0011101, Symbol: o
{0x6f, 5}, // Match: 0b0011110, Symbol: o
{0x6f, 5}, // Match: 0b0011111, Symbol: o
{0x73, 5}, // Match: 0b0100000, Symbol: s
{0x73, 5}, // Match: 0b0100001, Symbol: s
{0x73, 5}, // Match: 0b0100010, Symbol: s
{0x73, 5}, // Match: 0b0100011, Symbol: s
{0x74, 5}, // Match: 0b0100100, Symbol: t
{0x74, 5}, // Match: 0b0100101, Symbol: t
{0x74, 5}, // Match: 0b0100110, Symbol: t
{0x74, 5}, // Match: 0b0100111, Symbol: t
{0x20, 6}, // Match: 0b0101000, Symbol: (space)
{0x20, 6}, // Match: 0b0101001, Symbol: (space)
{0x25, 6}, // Match: 0b0101010, Symbol: %
{0x25, 6}, // Match: 0b0101011, Symbol: %
{0x2d, 6}, // Match: 0b0101100, Symbol: -
{0x2d, 6}, // Match: 0b0101101, Symbol: -
{0x2e, 6}, // Match: 0b0101110, Symbol: .
{0x2e, 6}, // Match: 0b0101111, Symbol: .
{0x2f, 6}, // Match: 0b0110000, Symbol: /
{0x2f, 6}, // Match: 0b0110001, Symbol: /
{0x33, 6}, // Match: 0b0110010, Symbol: 3
{0x33, 6}, // Match: 0b0110011, Symbol: 3
{0x34, 6}, // Match: 0b0110100, Symbol: 4
{0x34, 6}, // Match: 0b0110101, Symbol: 4
{0x35, 6}, // Match: 0b0110110, Symbol: 5
{0x35, 6}, // Match: 0b0110111, Symbol: 5
{0x36, 6}, // Match: 0b0111000, Symbol: 6
{0x36, 6}, // Match: 0b0111001, Symbol: 6
{0x37, 6}, // Match: 0b0111010, Symbol: 7
{0x37, 6}, // Match: 0b0111011, Symbol: 7
{0x38, 6}, // Match: 0b0111100, Symbol: 8
{0x38, 6}, // Match: 0b0111101, Symbol: 8
{0x39, 6}, // Match: 0b0111110, Symbol: 9
{0x39, 6}, // Match: 0b0111111, Symbol: 9
{0x3d, 6}, // Match: 0b1000000, Symbol: =
{0x3d, 6}, // Match: 0b1000001, Symbol: =
{0x41, 6}, // Match: 0b1000010, Symbol: A
{0x41, 6}, // Match: 0b1000011, Symbol: A
{0x5f, 6}, // Match: 0b1000100, Symbol: _
{0x5f, 6}, // Match: 0b1000101, Symbol: _
{0x62, 6}, // Match: 0b1000110, Symbol: b
{0x62, 6}, // Match: 0b1000111, Symbol: b
{0x64, 6}, // Match: 0b1001000, Symbol: d
{0x64, 6}, // Match: 0b1001001, Symbol: d
{0x66, 6}, // Match: 0b1001010, Symbol: f
{0x66, 6}, // Match: 0b1001011, Symbol: f
{0x67, 6}, // Match: 0b1001100, Symbol: g
{0x67, 6}, // Match: 0b1001101, Symbol: g
{0x68, 6}, // Match: 0b1001110, Symbol: h
{0x68, 6}, // Match: 0b1001111, Symbol: h
{0x6c, 6}, // Match: 0b1010000, Symbol: l
{0x6c, 6}, // Match: 0b1010001, Symbol: l
{0x6d, 6}, // Match: 0b1010010, Symbol: m
{0x6d, 6}, // Match: 0b1010011, Symbol: m
{0x6e, 6}, // Match: 0b1010100, Symbol: n
{0x6e, 6}, // Match: 0b1010101, Symbol: n
{0x70, 6}, // Match: 0b1010110, Symbol: p
{0x70, 6}, // Match: 0b1010111, Symbol: p
{0x72, 6}, // Match: 0b1011000, Symbol: r
{0x72, 6}, // Match: 0b1011001, Symbol: r
{0x75, 6}, // Match: 0b1011010, Symbol: u
{0x75, 6}, // Match: 0b1011011, Symbol: u
{0x3a, 7}, // Match: 0b1011100, Symbol: :
{0x42, 7}, // Match: 0b1011101, Symbol: B
{0x43, 7}, // Match: 0b1011110, Symbol: C
{0x44, 7}, // Match: 0b1011111, Symbol: D
{0x45, 7}, // Match: 0b1100000, Symbol: E
{0x46, 7}, // Match: 0b1100001, Symbol: F
{0x47, 7}, // Match: 0b1100010, Symbol: G
{0x48, 7}, // Match: 0b1100011, Symbol: H
{0x49, 7}, // Match: 0b1100100, Symbol: I
{0x4a, 7}, // Match: 0b1100101, Symbol: J
{0x4b, 7}, // Match: 0b1100110, Symbol: K
{0x4c, 7}, // Match: 0b1100111, Symbol: L
{0x4d, 7}, // Match: 0b1101000, Symbol: M
{0x4e, 7}, // Match: 0b1101001, Symbol: N
{0x4f, 7}, // Match: 0b1101010, Symbol: O
{0x50, 7}, // Match: 0b1101011, Symbol: P
{0x51, 7}, // Match: 0b1101100, Symbol: Q
{0x52, 7}, // Match: 0b1101101, Symbol: R
{0x53, 7}, // Match: 0b1101110, Symbol: S
{0x54, 7}, // Match: 0b1101111, Symbol: T
{0x55, 7}, // Match: 0b1110000, Symbol: U
{0x56, 7}, // Match: 0b1110001, Symbol: V
{0x57, 7}, // Match: 0b1110010, Symbol: W
{0x59, 7}, // Match: 0b1110011, Symbol: Y
{0x6a, 7}, // Match: 0b1110100, Symbol: j
{0x6b, 7}, // Match: 0b1110101, Symbol: k
{0x71, 7}, // Match: 0b1110110, Symbol: q
{0x76, 7}, // Match: 0b1110111, Symbol: v
{0x77, 7}, // Match: 0b1111000, Symbol: w
{0x78, 7}, // Match: 0b1111001, Symbol: x
{0x79, 7}, // Match: 0b1111010, Symbol: y
{0x7a, 7}, // Match: 0b1111011, Symbol: z
};
} // namespace
HuffmanBitBuffer::HuffmanBitBuffer() {
Reset();
}
void HuffmanBitBuffer::Reset() {
accumulator_ = 0;
count_ = 0;
}
size_t HuffmanBitBuffer::AppendBytes(absl::string_view input) {
HuffmanAccumulatorBitCount free_cnt = free_count();
size_t bytes_available = input.size();
if (free_cnt < 8 || bytes_available == 0) {
return 0;
}
// Top up |accumulator_| until there isn't room for a whole byte.
size_t bytes_used = 0;
auto* ptr = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(input.data());
do {
auto b = static_cast<HuffmanAccumulator>(*ptr++);
free_cnt -= 8;
accumulator_ |= (b << free_cnt);
++bytes_used;
} while (free_cnt >= 8 && bytes_used < bytes_available);
count_ += (bytes_used * 8);
return bytes_used;
}
HuffmanAccumulatorBitCount HuffmanBitBuffer::free_count() const {
return kHuffmanAccumulatorBitCount - count_;
}
void HuffmanBitBuffer::ConsumeBits(HuffmanAccumulatorBitCount code_length) {
QUICHE_DCHECK_LE(code_length, count_);
accumulator_ <<= code_length;
count_ -= code_length;
}
bool HuffmanBitBuffer::InputProperlyTerminated() const {
auto cnt = count();
if (cnt < 8) {
if (cnt == 0) {
return true;
}
HuffmanAccumulator expected = ~(~HuffmanAccumulator() >> cnt);
// We expect all the bits below the high order |cnt| bits of accumulator_
// to be cleared as we perform left shift operations while decoding.
QUICHE_DCHECK_EQ(accumulator_ & ~expected, 0u)
<< "\n expected: " << HuffmanAccumulatorBitSet(expected) << "\n "
<< *this;
return accumulator_ == expected;
}
return false;
}
std::string HuffmanBitBuffer::DebugString() const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "{accumulator: " << HuffmanAccumulatorBitSet(accumulator_)
<< "; count: " << count_ << "}";
return ss.str();
}
HpackHuffmanDecoder::HpackHuffmanDecoder() = default;
HpackHuffmanDecoder::~HpackHuffmanDecoder() = default;
bool HpackHuffmanDecoder::Decode(absl::string_view input, std::string* output) {
HTTP2_DVLOG(1) << "HpackHuffmanDecoder::Decode";
// Fill bit_buffer_ from input.
input.remove_prefix(bit_buffer_.AppendBytes(input));
while (true) {
HTTP2_DVLOG(3) << "Enter Decode Loop, bit_buffer_: " << bit_buffer_;
if (bit_buffer_.count() >= 7) {
// Get high 7 bits of the bit buffer, see if that contains a complete
// code of 5, 6 or 7 bits.
uint8_t short_code =
bit_buffer_.value() >> (kHuffmanAccumulatorBitCount - 7);
QUICHE_DCHECK_LT(short_code, 128);
if (short_code < kShortCodeTableSize) {
ShortCodeInfo info = kShortCodeTable[short_code];
bit_buffer_.ConsumeBits(info.length);
output->push_back(static_cast<char>(info.symbol));
continue;
}
// The code is more than 7 bits long. Use PrefixToInfo, etc. to decode
// longer codes.
} else {
// We may have (mostly) drained bit_buffer_. If we can top it up, try
// using the table decoder above.
size_t byte_count = bit_buffer_.AppendBytes(input);
if (byte_count > 0) {
input.remove_prefix(byte_count);
continue;
}
}
HuffmanCode code_prefix = bit_buffer_.value() >> kExtraAccumulatorBitCount;
HTTP2_DVLOG(3) << "code_prefix: " << HuffmanCodeBitSet(code_prefix);
PrefixInfo prefix_info = PrefixToInfo(code_prefix);
HTTP2_DVLOG(3) << "prefix_info: " << prefix_info;
QUICHE_DCHECK_LE(kMinCodeBitCount, prefix_info.code_length);
QUICHE_DCHECK_LE(prefix_info.code_length, kMaxCodeBitCount);
if (prefix_info.code_length <= bit_buffer_.count()) {
// We have enough bits for one code.
uint32_t canonical = prefix_info.DecodeToCanonical(code_prefix);
if (canonical < 256) {
// Valid code.
char c = kCanonicalToSymbol[canonical];
output->push_back(c);
bit_buffer_.ConsumeBits(prefix_info.code_length);
continue;
}
// Encoder is not supposed to explicity encode the EOS symbol.
HTTP2_DLOG(ERROR) << "EOS explicitly encoded!\n " << bit_buffer_ << "\n "
<< prefix_info;
return false;
}
// bit_buffer_ doesn't have enough bits in it to decode the next symbol.
// Append to it as many bytes as are available AND fit.
size_t byte_count = bit_buffer_.AppendBytes(input);
if (byte_count == 0) {
QUICHE_DCHECK_EQ(input.size(), 0u);
return true;
}
input.remove_prefix(byte_count);
}
}
std::string HpackHuffmanDecoder::DebugString() const {
return bit_buffer_.DebugString();
}
} // namespace http2