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// Copyright 2019 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef QUICHE_QUIC_CORE_CONGESTION_CONTROL_BBR2_MISC_H_
#define QUICHE_QUIC_CORE_CONGESTION_CONTROL_BBR2_MISC_H_
#include <algorithm>
#include <limits>
#include "quiche/quic/core/congestion_control/bandwidth_sampler.h"
#include "quiche/quic/core/congestion_control/send_algorithm_interface.h"
#include "quiche/quic/core/congestion_control/windowed_filter.h"
#include "quiche/quic/core/quic_bandwidth.h"
#include "quiche/quic/core/quic_packet_number.h"
#include "quiche/quic/core/quic_time.h"
#include "quiche/quic/core/quic_types.h"
#include "quiche/quic/platform/api/quic_export.h"
#include "quiche/quic/platform/api/quic_flags.h"
namespace quic {
template <typename T>
class QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE Limits {
public:
Limits(T min, T max) : min_(min), max_(max) {}
// If [min, max] is an empty range, i.e. min > max, this function returns max,
// because typically a value larger than max means "risky".
T ApplyLimits(T raw_value) const {
return std::min(max_, std::max(min_, raw_value));
}
T Min() const { return min_; }
T Max() const { return max_; }
private:
T min_;
T max_;
};
template <typename T>
QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE inline Limits<T> MinMax(T min, T max) {
return Limits<T>(min, max);
}
template <typename T>
QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE inline Limits<T> NoLessThan(T min) {
return Limits<T>(min, std::numeric_limits<T>::max());
}
template <typename T>
QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE inline Limits<T> NoGreaterThan(T max) {
return Limits<T>(std::numeric_limits<T>::min(), max);
}
template <typename T>
QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE inline Limits<T> Unlimited() {
return Limits<T>(std::numeric_limits<T>::min(),
std::numeric_limits<T>::max());
}
template <typename T>
QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
const Limits<T>& limits) {
return os << "[" << limits.Min() << ", " << limits.Max() << "]";
}
// Bbr2Params contains all parameters of a Bbr2Sender.
struct QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE Bbr2Params {
Bbr2Params(QuicByteCount cwnd_min, QuicByteCount cwnd_max)
: cwnd_limits(cwnd_min, cwnd_max) {}
/*
* STARTUP parameters.
*/
// The gain for CWND in startup.
float startup_cwnd_gain = 2.0;
// TODO(wub): Maybe change to the newly derived value of 2.773 (4 * ln(2)).
float startup_pacing_gain = 2.885;
// Full bandwidth is declared if the total bandwidth growth is less than
// |startup_full_bw_threshold| times in the last |startup_full_bw_rounds|
// round trips.
float startup_full_bw_threshold = 1.25;
QuicRoundTripCount startup_full_bw_rounds = 3;
// The minimum number of loss marking events to exit STARTUP.
int64_t startup_full_loss_count =
GetQuicFlag(FLAGS_quic_bbr2_default_startup_full_loss_count);
// If true, always exit STARTUP on loss, even if bandwidth exceeds threshold.
// If false, exit STARTUP on loss only if bandwidth is below threshold.
bool always_exit_startup_on_excess_loss = false;
// If true, include extra acked during STARTUP and proactively reduce extra
// acked when bandwidth increases.
bool startup_include_extra_acked = false;
// If true, exit STARTUP if bytes in flight has not gone below 2 * BDP at
// any point in the last round.
bool exit_startup_on_persistent_queue = false;
/*
* DRAIN parameters.
*/
float drain_cwnd_gain = 2.0;
float drain_pacing_gain = 1.0 / 2.885;
/*
* PROBE_BW parameters.
*/
// Max amount of randomness to inject in round counting for Reno-coexistence.
QuicRoundTripCount probe_bw_max_probe_rand_rounds = 2;
// Max number of rounds before probing for Reno-coexistence.
uint32_t probe_bw_probe_max_rounds = 63;
// Multiplier to get Reno-style probe epoch duration as: k * BDP round trips.
// If zero, disables Reno-style BDP-scaled coexistence mechanism.
float probe_bw_probe_reno_gain = 1.0;
// Minimum duration for BBR-native probes.
QuicTime::Delta probe_bw_probe_base_duration =
QuicTime::Delta::FromMilliseconds(
GetQuicFlag(FLAGS_quic_bbr2_default_probe_bw_base_duration_ms));
// The upper bound of the random amount of BBR-native probes.
QuicTime::Delta probe_bw_probe_max_rand_duration =
QuicTime::Delta::FromMilliseconds(
GetQuicFlag(FLAGS_quic_bbr2_default_probe_bw_max_rand_duration_ms));
// The minimum number of loss marking events to exit the PROBE_UP phase.
int64_t probe_bw_full_loss_count =
GetQuicFlag(FLAGS_quic_bbr2_default_probe_bw_full_loss_count);
// Multiplier to get target inflight (as multiple of BDP) for PROBE_UP phase.
float probe_bw_probe_inflight_gain = 1.25;
// When attempting to grow inflight_hi in PROBE_UP, check whether we are cwnd
// limited before the current aggregation epoch, instead of before the current
// ack event.
bool probe_bw_check_cwnd_limited_before_aggregation_epoch = false;
// Pacing gains.
float probe_bw_probe_up_pacing_gain = 1.25;
float probe_bw_probe_down_pacing_gain = 0.75;
float probe_bw_default_pacing_gain = 1.0;
float probe_bw_cwnd_gain = 2.0;
/*
* PROBE_UP parameters.
*/
bool probe_up_includes_acks_after_cwnd_limited = false;
bool probe_up_dont_exit_if_no_queue_ = false;
bool probe_up_ignore_inflight_hi = false;
/*
* PROBE_RTT parameters.
*/
float probe_rtt_inflight_target_bdp_fraction = 0.5;
QuicTime::Delta probe_rtt_period = QuicTime::Delta::FromMilliseconds(
GetQuicFlag(FLAGS_quic_bbr2_default_probe_rtt_period_ms));
QuicTime::Delta probe_rtt_duration = QuicTime::Delta::FromMilliseconds(200);
/*
* Parameters used by multiple modes.
*/
// The initial value of the max ack height filter's window length.
QuicRoundTripCount initial_max_ack_height_filter_window =
GetQuicFlag(FLAGS_quic_bbr2_default_initial_ack_height_filter_window);
// Fraction of unutilized headroom to try to leave in path upon high loss.
float inflight_hi_headroom =
GetQuicFlag(FLAGS_quic_bbr2_default_inflight_hi_headroom);
// Estimate startup/bw probing has gone too far if loss rate exceeds this.
float loss_threshold = GetQuicFlag(FLAGS_quic_bbr2_default_loss_threshold);
// A common factor for multiplicative decreases. Used for adjusting
// bandwidth_lo, inflight_lo and inflight_hi upon losses.
float beta = 0.3;
Limits<QuicByteCount> cwnd_limits;
/*
* Experimental flags from QuicConfig.
*/
// Can be disabled by connection option 'B2NA'.
bool add_ack_height_to_queueing_threshold = true;
// Can be disabled by connection option 'B2RP'.
bool avoid_unnecessary_probe_rtt = true;
// Can be enabled by connection option 'B2LO'.
bool ignore_inflight_lo = false;
// Can be enabled by connection option 'B2H2'.
bool limit_inflight_hi_by_max_delivered = false;
// Can be disabled by connection option 'B2SL'.
bool startup_loss_exit_use_max_delivered_for_inflight_hi = true;
// Can be enabled by connection option 'B2DL'.
bool use_bytes_delivered_for_inflight_hi = false;
// Can be disabled by connection option 'B2RC'.
bool enable_reno_coexistence = true;
// For experimentation to improve fast convergence upon loss.
enum QuicBandwidthLoMode : uint8_t {
DEFAULT = 0,
MIN_RTT_REDUCTION = 1, // 'BBQ7'
INFLIGHT_REDUCTION = 2, // 'BBQ8'
CWND_REDUCTION = 3, // 'BBQ9'
};
// Different modes change bandwidth_lo_ differently upon loss.
QuicBandwidthLoMode bw_lo_mode_ = QuicBandwidthLoMode::DEFAULT;
// Set the pacing gain to 25% larger than the recent BW increase in STARTUP.
bool decrease_startup_pacing_at_end_of_round = false;
};
class QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE RoundTripCounter {
public:
RoundTripCounter();
QuicRoundTripCount Count() const { return round_trip_count_; }
QuicPacketNumber last_sent_packet() const { return last_sent_packet_; }
// Must be called in ascending packet number order.
void OnPacketSent(QuicPacketNumber packet_number);
// Return whether a round trip has just completed.
bool OnPacketsAcked(QuicPacketNumber last_acked_packet);
void RestartRound();
private:
QuicRoundTripCount round_trip_count_;
QuicPacketNumber last_sent_packet_;
// The last sent packet number of the current round trip.
QuicPacketNumber end_of_round_trip_;
};
class QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE MinRttFilter {
public:
MinRttFilter(QuicTime::Delta initial_min_rtt,
QuicTime initial_min_rtt_timestamp);
void Update(QuicTime::Delta sample_rtt, QuicTime now);
void ForceUpdate(QuicTime::Delta sample_rtt, QuicTime now);
QuicTime::Delta Get() const { return min_rtt_; }
QuicTime GetTimestamp() const { return min_rtt_timestamp_; }
private:
QuicTime::Delta min_rtt_;
// Time when the current value of |min_rtt_| was assigned.
QuicTime min_rtt_timestamp_;
};
class QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE Bbr2MaxBandwidthFilter {
public:
void Update(QuicBandwidth sample) {
max_bandwidth_[1] = std::max(sample, max_bandwidth_[1]);
}
void Advance() {
if (max_bandwidth_[1].IsZero()) {
return;
}
max_bandwidth_[0] = max_bandwidth_[1];
max_bandwidth_[1] = QuicBandwidth::Zero();
}
QuicBandwidth Get() const {
return std::max(max_bandwidth_[0], max_bandwidth_[1]);
}
private:
QuicBandwidth max_bandwidth_[2] = {QuicBandwidth::Zero(),
QuicBandwidth::Zero()};
};
// Information that are meaningful only when Bbr2Sender::OnCongestionEvent is
// running.
struct QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE Bbr2CongestionEvent {
QuicTime event_time = QuicTime::Zero();
// The congestion window prior to the processing of the ack/loss events.
QuicByteCount prior_cwnd;
// Total bytes inflight before the processing of the ack/loss events.
QuicByteCount prior_bytes_in_flight = 0;
// Total bytes inflight after the processing of the ack/loss events.
QuicByteCount bytes_in_flight = 0;
// Total bytes acked from acks in this event.
QuicByteCount bytes_acked = 0;
// Total bytes lost from losses in this event.
QuicByteCount bytes_lost = 0;
// Whether acked_packets indicates the end of a round trip.
bool end_of_round_trip = false;
// When the event happened, whether the sender is probing for bandwidth.
bool is_probing_for_bandwidth = false;
// Minimum rtt of all bandwidth samples from acked_packets.
// QuicTime::Delta::Infinite() if acked_packets is empty.
QuicTime::Delta sample_min_rtt = QuicTime::Delta::Infinite();
// Maximum bandwidth of all bandwidth samples from acked_packets.
// This sample may be app-limited, and will be Zero() if there are no newly
// acknowledged inflight packets.
QuicBandwidth sample_max_bandwidth = QuicBandwidth::Zero();
// The send state of the largest packet in acked_packets, unless it is empty.
// If acked_packets is empty, it's the send state of the largest packet in
// lost_packets.
SendTimeState last_packet_send_state;
};
// Bbr2NetworkModel takes low level congestion signals(packets sent/acked/lost)
// as input and produces BBRv2 model parameters like inflight_(hi|lo),
// bandwidth_(hi|lo), bandwidth and rtt estimates, etc.
class QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE Bbr2NetworkModel {
public:
Bbr2NetworkModel(const Bbr2Params* params, QuicTime::Delta initial_rtt,
QuicTime initial_rtt_timestamp, float cwnd_gain,
float pacing_gain, const BandwidthSampler* old_sampler);
void OnPacketSent(QuicTime sent_time, QuicByteCount bytes_in_flight,
QuicPacketNumber packet_number, QuicByteCount bytes,
HasRetransmittableData is_retransmittable);
void OnCongestionEventStart(QuicTime event_time,
const AckedPacketVector& acked_packets,
const LostPacketVector& lost_packets,
Bbr2CongestionEvent* congestion_event);
void OnCongestionEventFinish(QuicPacketNumber least_unacked_packet,
const Bbr2CongestionEvent& congestion_event);
// Update the model without a congestion event.
// Min rtt is updated if |rtt| is non-zero and smaller than existing min rtt.
void UpdateNetworkParameters(QuicTime::Delta rtt);
// Update inflight/bandwidth short-term lower bounds.
void AdaptLowerBounds(const Bbr2CongestionEvent& congestion_event);
// Restart the current round trip as if it is starting now.
void RestartRoundEarly();
void AdvanceMaxBandwidthFilter() { max_bandwidth_filter_.Advance(); }
void OnApplicationLimited() { bandwidth_sampler_.OnAppLimited(); }
// Calculates BDP using the current MaxBandwidth.
QuicByteCount BDP() const { return BDP(MaxBandwidth()); }
QuicByteCount BDP(QuicBandwidth bandwidth) const {
return bandwidth * MinRtt();
}
QuicByteCount BDP(QuicBandwidth bandwidth, float gain) const {
return bandwidth * MinRtt() * gain;
}
QuicTime::Delta MinRtt() const { return min_rtt_filter_.Get(); }
QuicTime MinRttTimestamp() const { return min_rtt_filter_.GetTimestamp(); }
// TODO(wub): If we do this too frequently, we can potentailly postpone
// PROBE_RTT indefinitely. Observe how it works in production and improve it.
void PostponeMinRttTimestamp(QuicTime::Delta duration) {
min_rtt_filter_.ForceUpdate(MinRtt(), MinRttTimestamp() + duration);
}
QuicBandwidth MaxBandwidth() const { return max_bandwidth_filter_.Get(); }
QuicByteCount MaxAckHeight() const {
return bandwidth_sampler_.max_ack_height();
}
// 2 packets. Used to indicate the typical number of bytes ACKed at once.
QuicByteCount QueueingThresholdExtraBytes() const {
return 2 * kDefaultTCPMSS;
}
bool cwnd_limited_before_aggregation_epoch() const {
return cwnd_limited_before_aggregation_epoch_;
}
void EnableOverestimateAvoidance() {
bandwidth_sampler_.EnableOverestimateAvoidance();
}
bool IsBandwidthOverestimateAvoidanceEnabled() const {
return bandwidth_sampler_.IsOverestimateAvoidanceEnabled();
}
void OnPacketNeutered(QuicPacketNumber packet_number) {
bandwidth_sampler_.OnPacketNeutered(packet_number);
}
uint64_t num_ack_aggregation_epochs() const {
return bandwidth_sampler_.num_ack_aggregation_epochs();
}
void SetStartNewAggregationEpochAfterFullRound(bool value) {
bandwidth_sampler_.SetStartNewAggregationEpochAfterFullRound(value);
}
void SetLimitMaxAckHeightTrackerBySendRate(bool value) {
bandwidth_sampler_.SetLimitMaxAckHeightTrackerBySendRate(value);
}
void SetMaxAckHeightTrackerWindowLength(QuicRoundTripCount value) {
bandwidth_sampler_.SetMaxAckHeightTrackerWindowLength(value);
}
void SetReduceExtraAckedOnBandwidthIncrease(bool value) {
bandwidth_sampler_.SetReduceExtraAckedOnBandwidthIncrease(value);
}
bool MaybeExpireMinRtt(const Bbr2CongestionEvent& congestion_event);
QuicBandwidth BandwidthEstimate() const {
return std::min(MaxBandwidth(), bandwidth_lo_);
}
QuicRoundTripCount RoundTripCount() const {
return round_trip_counter_.Count();
}
// Return true if the number of loss events exceeds max_loss_events and
// fraction of bytes lost exceed the loss threshold.
bool IsInflightTooHigh(const Bbr2CongestionEvent& congestion_event,
int64_t max_loss_events) const;
// Check bandwidth growth in the past round. Must be called at the end of a
// round. Returns true if there was sufficient bandwidth growth and false
// otherwise. If it's been too many rounds without growth, also sets
// |full_bandwidth_reached_| to true.
bool HasBandwidthGrowth(const Bbr2CongestionEvent& congestion_event);
// Returns true if the minimum bytes in flight during the round is greater
// than the BDP * |bdp_gain|.
bool CheckPersistentQueue(const Bbr2CongestionEvent& congestion_event,
float bdp_gain);
QuicPacketNumber last_sent_packet() const {
return round_trip_counter_.last_sent_packet();
}
QuicByteCount total_bytes_acked() const {
return bandwidth_sampler_.total_bytes_acked();
}
QuicByteCount total_bytes_lost() const {
return bandwidth_sampler_.total_bytes_lost();
}
QuicByteCount total_bytes_sent() const {
return bandwidth_sampler_.total_bytes_sent();
}
int64_t loss_events_in_round() const { return loss_events_in_round_; }
QuicByteCount max_bytes_delivered_in_round() const {
return max_bytes_delivered_in_round_;
}
QuicByteCount min_bytes_in_flight_in_round() const {
return min_bytes_in_flight_in_round_;
}
QuicPacketNumber end_of_app_limited_phase() const {
return bandwidth_sampler_.end_of_app_limited_phase();
}
QuicBandwidth bandwidth_latest() const { return bandwidth_latest_; }
QuicBandwidth bandwidth_lo() const { return bandwidth_lo_; }
static QuicBandwidth bandwidth_lo_default() {
return QuicBandwidth::Infinite();
}
void clear_bandwidth_lo() { bandwidth_lo_ = bandwidth_lo_default(); }
QuicByteCount inflight_latest() const { return inflight_latest_; }
QuicByteCount inflight_lo() const { return inflight_lo_; }
static QuicByteCount inflight_lo_default() {
return std::numeric_limits<QuicByteCount>::max();
}
void clear_inflight_lo() { inflight_lo_ = inflight_lo_default(); }
void cap_inflight_lo(QuicByteCount cap);
QuicByteCount inflight_hi_with_headroom() const;
QuicByteCount inflight_hi() const { return inflight_hi_; }
static QuicByteCount inflight_hi_default() {
return std::numeric_limits<QuicByteCount>::max();
}
void set_inflight_hi(QuicByteCount inflight_hi) {
inflight_hi_ = inflight_hi;
}
float cwnd_gain() const { return cwnd_gain_; }
void set_cwnd_gain(float cwnd_gain) { cwnd_gain_ = cwnd_gain; }
float pacing_gain() const { return pacing_gain_; }
void set_pacing_gain(float pacing_gain) { pacing_gain_ = pacing_gain; }
bool full_bandwidth_reached() const { return full_bandwidth_reached_; }
void set_full_bandwidth_reached() { full_bandwidth_reached_ = true; }
QuicBandwidth full_bandwidth_baseline() const {
return full_bandwidth_baseline_;
}
QuicRoundTripCount rounds_without_bandwidth_growth() const {
return rounds_without_bandwidth_growth_;
}
private:
// Called when a new round trip starts.
void OnNewRound();
const Bbr2Params& Params() const { return *params_; }
const Bbr2Params* const params_;
RoundTripCounter round_trip_counter_;
// Bandwidth sampler provides BBR with the bandwidth measurements at
// individual points.
BandwidthSampler bandwidth_sampler_;
// The filter that tracks the maximum bandwidth over multiple recent round
// trips.
Bbr2MaxBandwidthFilter max_bandwidth_filter_;
MinRttFilter min_rtt_filter_;
// Bytes lost in the current round. Updated once per congestion event.
QuicByteCount bytes_lost_in_round_ = 0;
// Number of loss marking events in the current round.
int64_t loss_events_in_round_ = 0;
// A max of bytes delivered among all congestion events in the current round.
// A congestions event's bytes delivered is the total bytes acked between time
// Ts and Ta, which is the time when the largest acked packet(within the
// congestion event) was sent and acked, respectively.
QuicByteCount max_bytes_delivered_in_round_ = 0;
// The minimum bytes in flight during this round.
QuicByteCount min_bytes_in_flight_in_round_ = 0;
// Max bandwidth in the current round. Updated once per congestion event.
QuicBandwidth bandwidth_latest_ = QuicBandwidth::Zero();
// Max bandwidth of recent rounds. Updated once per round.
QuicBandwidth bandwidth_lo_ = bandwidth_lo_default();
// bandwidth_lo_ at the beginning of a round with loss. Only used when the
// bw_lo_mode is non-default.
QuicBandwidth prior_bandwidth_lo_ = QuicBandwidth::Zero();
// Max inflight in the current round. Updated once per congestion event.
QuicByteCount inflight_latest_ = 0;
// Max inflight of recent rounds. Updated once per round.
QuicByteCount inflight_lo_ = inflight_lo_default();
QuicByteCount inflight_hi_ = inflight_hi_default();
float cwnd_gain_;
float pacing_gain_;
// Whether we are cwnd limited prior to the start of the current aggregation
// epoch.
bool cwnd_limited_before_aggregation_epoch_ = false;
// STARTUP-centric fields which experimentally used by PROBE_UP.
bool full_bandwidth_reached_ = false;
QuicBandwidth full_bandwidth_baseline_ = QuicBandwidth::Zero();
QuicRoundTripCount rounds_without_bandwidth_growth_ = 0;
};
enum class Bbr2Mode : uint8_t {
// Startup phase of the connection.
STARTUP,
// After achieving the highest possible bandwidth during the startup, lower
// the pacing rate in order to drain the queue.
DRAIN,
// Cruising mode.
PROBE_BW,
// Temporarily slow down sending in order to empty the buffer and measure
// the real minimum RTT.
PROBE_RTT,
};
QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
const Bbr2Mode& mode) {
switch (mode) {
case Bbr2Mode::STARTUP:
return os << "STARTUP";
case Bbr2Mode::DRAIN:
return os << "DRAIN";
case Bbr2Mode::PROBE_BW:
return os << "PROBE_BW";
case Bbr2Mode::PROBE_RTT:
return os << "PROBE_RTT";
}
return os << "<Invalid Mode>";
}
// The base class for all BBRv2 modes. A Bbr2Sender is in one mode at a time,
// this interface is used to implement mode-specific behaviors.
class Bbr2Sender;
class QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE Bbr2ModeBase {
public:
Bbr2ModeBase(const Bbr2Sender* sender, Bbr2NetworkModel* model)
: sender_(sender), model_(model) {}
virtual ~Bbr2ModeBase() = default;
// Called when entering/leaving this mode.
// congestion_event != nullptr means BBRv2 is switching modes in the context
// of a ack and/or loss.
virtual void Enter(QuicTime now,
const Bbr2CongestionEvent* congestion_event) = 0;
virtual void Leave(QuicTime now,
const Bbr2CongestionEvent* congestion_event) = 0;
virtual Bbr2Mode OnCongestionEvent(
QuicByteCount prior_in_flight, QuicTime event_time,
const AckedPacketVector& acked_packets,
const LostPacketVector& lost_packets,
const Bbr2CongestionEvent& congestion_event) = 0;
virtual Limits<QuicByteCount> GetCwndLimits() const = 0;
virtual bool IsProbingForBandwidth() const = 0;
virtual Bbr2Mode OnExitQuiescence(QuicTime now,
QuicTime quiescence_start_time) = 0;
protected:
const Bbr2Sender* const sender_;
Bbr2NetworkModel* model_;
};
QUIC_EXPORT_PRIVATE inline QuicByteCount BytesInFlight(
const SendTimeState& send_state) {
QUICHE_DCHECK(send_state.is_valid);
if (send_state.bytes_in_flight != 0) {
return send_state.bytes_in_flight;
}
return send_state.total_bytes_sent - send_state.total_bytes_acked -
send_state.total_bytes_lost;
}
} // namespace quic
#endif // QUICHE_QUIC_CORE_CONGESTION_CONTROL_BBR2_MISC_H_