Move RFC 9000 variable length integer encoding from QUIC to QUICHE

Since BHTTP uses these, and we're starting BHTTP in QUICHE, we need to move the read/write functions for varints to QUICHE. While I was in there, I improved some comments to refer to the published RFC, and removed a few ODR violations.

This CL is a no-op, it does not modify any existing functionality.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 467990159
diff --git a/quiche/quic/core/quic_connection_test.cc b/quiche/quic/core/quic_connection_test.cc
index 21a4bbf..dca0520 100644
--- a/quiche/quic/core/quic_connection_test.cc
+++ b/quiche/quic/core/quic_connection_test.cc
@@ -1119,9 +1119,10 @@
       header.long_packet_type = EncryptionlevelToLongHeaderType(level);
       if (QuicVersionHasLongHeaderLengths(
               peer_framer_.version().transport_version)) {
-        header.length_length = VARIABLE_LENGTH_INTEGER_LENGTH_2;
+        header.length_length = quiche::VARIABLE_LENGTH_INTEGER_LENGTH_2;
         if (header.long_packet_type == INITIAL) {
-          header.retry_token_length_length = VARIABLE_LENGTH_INTEGER_LENGTH_1;
+          header.retry_token_length_length =
+              quiche::VARIABLE_LENGTH_INTEGER_LENGTH_1;
         }
       }
     }
@@ -2893,8 +2894,8 @@
   if (QuicVersionHasLongHeaderLengths(
           peer_framer_.version().transport_version)) {
     header.long_packet_type = INITIAL;
-    header.retry_token_length_length = VARIABLE_LENGTH_INTEGER_LENGTH_1;
-    header.length_length = VARIABLE_LENGTH_INTEGER_LENGTH_2;
+    header.retry_token_length_length = quiche::VARIABLE_LENGTH_INTEGER_LENGTH_1;
+    header.length_length = quiche::VARIABLE_LENGTH_INTEGER_LENGTH_2;
   }
 
   QuicFrames frames;
@@ -2941,8 +2942,8 @@
   if (QuicVersionHasLongHeaderLengths(
           peer_framer_.version().transport_version)) {
     header.long_packet_type = INITIAL;
-    header.retry_token_length_length = VARIABLE_LENGTH_INTEGER_LENGTH_1;
-    header.length_length = VARIABLE_LENGTH_INTEGER_LENGTH_2;
+    header.retry_token_length_length = quiche::VARIABLE_LENGTH_INTEGER_LENGTH_1;
+    header.length_length = quiche::VARIABLE_LENGTH_INTEGER_LENGTH_2;
   }
 
   QuicFrames frames;